Table of Contents
- 1 Gabatarwa
- 2 Ayyukan Da suka Danganta
- 3 Tsarin Gine-ginen Babila
- 4 Binciken Tsaro
- 5 Technical Implementation
- 6 Experimental Results
- 7 Future Applications
- 8 Nassoshi
- 9 Bincike na Asali
1 Gabatarwa
Babylon yana magance iyakokin tsaro na asali a cikin shingayen Proof-of-Stake (PoS) ta hanyar sake amfani da babban ƙarfin haɗin Bitcoin. Wannan haɗakar hanyar tana ba da garanti na tsaro mai yankewa yayin kiyaye ingantaccen kuzarin tsarin PoS.
1.1 Daga Hujjar-Aiki zuwa Hujjar-Rikodi
Tsaron Bitcoin ya fito ne daga kusan lissafin hash $1.4 \times 10^{21}$ a kowace dakika, amma da tsadar kuzari mai yawa. Saren PoS kamar Ethereum 2.0, Cardano, da Cosmos suna ba da ingantaccen kuzari da lissafi amma suna fuskantar ƙalubalen tsaro.
1.2 Matsalolin Tsaro na Proof-of-Stake
Manyan iyakoki sun haɗa da: hare-haren nesa maras yankewa, raunin tantance ma'amaloli, da matsalolin farawa ga sabbin sarƙoƙi masu ƙarancin ƙimar token.
2 Ayyukan Da suka Danganta
Hanyoyin da suka gabata na tsaro na PoS sun haɗa da Gasper (Ethereum 2.0), Tendermint (Cosmos), da kuma Algorand's consensus. Duk da haka, waɗannan har yanzu suna fuskantar iyakoki na asali wajen cimma tsaro mai raguwar amana ba tare da zato na waje ba.
3 Tsarin Gine-ginen Babila
Babylons muhim bishara shine amfani da hakar Bitcoin ta hanyar haɗa hakar don kare sarkar PoS ba tare da ƙarin amfani da makamashi ba.
3.1 Haɗa Ma'adinai tare da Bitcoin
Masu hakar Babylon suna shiga cikin hakar Bitcoin yayin da suke kare sarkar PoS a lokaci guda, suna haifar da layin tsaro maras ƙarin makamashi.
3.2 Saukaka Kwanan Watan Bayanai
Dandamali yana ba da sabis na alamar lokaci don cakudewar PoS, hujjojin zamba, da ma'amaloli da aka tantance, yana ƙirƙirar hanyoyin haɗin sirri zuwa tsaron Bitcoin.
4 Binciken Tsaro
4.1 Sakamako Maras Kyau don Pure PoS
Takardar ta tabbatar da cewa babu wata tsarin PoS mai tsabta da za ta iya samar da lafiyar da za a iya yanke ba tare da zato na amana na waje ba, tana tsara iyakar asali na tsarin PoS.
4.2 Ka'idar Tsaron Cryptoeconomic
Babylon yana ba da garantin tsaro na yau da kullun ta hanyar ka'idar tsaron cryptoeconomic wacce ke tabbatar da lafiyar slashable da rai. An bayyana iyakar tsaro kamar haka: $P(\text{attack}) \leq \frac{\text{cost}_{\text{attack}}}{\text{slashable}_{\text{stake}}}$
5 Technical Implementation
5.1 Mathematical Formulation
Tsarin tsaro yana amfani da ƙa'idodin wasan kaɗa inda farashin maƙiyi na kai hari dole ne ya wuce slashable stake. Ana iyakance yuwuwar nasarar kai hari ta: $\Pr[\text{safety violation}] \leq \frac{\text{advBudget}}{\min\_\text{slash} \times \text{numCheckpoints}}$
5.2 Aiwartar Lissafi
// Pseudocode for Babylon checkpointing
function submitCheckpoint(PoSBlockHeader, validatorSet) {
// Create checkpoint data
bytes32 checkpointHash = keccak256(abi.encode(PoSBlockHeader, validatorSet));
// Submit to Bitcoin via merge mining
bytes32 bitcoinTx = submitToBitcoin(checkpointHash);
// Wait for Bitcoin confirmation
require(confirmations(bitcoinTx) >= 6, "Insufficient confirmations");
return checkpointId;
}
function verifyCheckpoint(checkpointId, PoSChain) {
// Verify checkpoint is anchored in Bitcoin
bytes32 bitcoinProof = getBitcoinProof(checkpointId);
require(verifyBitcoinInclusion(bitcoinProof), "Invalid Bitcoin proof");
// Check validator signatures
require(verifyValidatorSignatures(checkpointId), "Invalid validator signatures");
return true;
}6 Experimental Results
The paper demonstrates through simulations that Babylon can reduce the stake lock-up period from typical 21 days to under 24 hours while maintaining equivalent security. Attack cost increases by 10-100x compared to pure PoS systems.
7 Future Applications
Potential applications include: cross-chain security for Cosmos zones, Ethereum 2.0 sharding protection, new blockchain bootstrapping, and decentralized timestamping services for enterprise applications.
8 Nassoshi
- Buterin, V., & Griffith, V. (2019). Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget.
- Buchman, E. (2016). Tendermint: Byzantine Fault Tolerance in the Age of Blockchains.
- Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.
- Kwon, J., & Buchman, E. (2019). Cosmos: A Network of Distributed Ledgers.
- Buterin, V. (2021). Why Proof of Stake.
9 Bincike na Asali
Ya fa alƙawari a gaskiya:Babylon ba wani ka'idar blockchain kawai bane—yana da tushen tunani na yadda za mu iya amfani da abubuwan more rayuwa na yau da kullun don magance matsalolin tsaro na sirri. Mafi mahimmancin hasashe na takardar shi ne, tsarin Tsaro na Pure Proof-of-Stake ba zai yiwu a cikin lissafi ba tare da zato na amana na waje ba, gaskiyar da masana'antu ke tafiya a kai shekaru da yawa.
Sarkar dabaru:Hujjar ta bi tsari mai ƙarfi na dabaru: (1) Pure PoS ba zai iya cimma tsaron yankewa ba saboda hare-hare na nisa da matsalolin janyewar hannun jari. (2) Ƙarfin hash na Bitcoin yana wakiltar filin hari mafi tsada a cikin cryptocurrency. (3) Haɗin ma'adinan yana ba da damar sake amfani da wannan tsaro ba tare da farashi ba. (4) Alamar lokaci yana haifar da haɗin gwiwar sirri wanda ke sa hare-haren PoS su buƙaci karya tsaron Bitcoin. Wannan ba ci gaba ne kawai ba—sake ƙirƙira gine-gine ne.
Abubuwan da suka fito fili da kuma abubuwan da ba su dace ba:The brilliance lies in the economic efficiency: getting Bitcoin-level security for PoS chains without the energy cost. The cryptoeconomic security theorem provides mathematical rigor missing from many blockchain papers. However, the dependency on Bitcoin creates systemic risk—if Bitcoin's security deteriorates, all connected chains suffer. The 21-day lock-up reduction to 24 hours is impressive, but real-world adoption will test whether merge mining participation reaches critical mass.
Ƙwararrun aiki:Ga masu haɓakawa: Wannan yana ba da damar ainihin amintaccen aikace-aikacen kan layi ba tare da amincewa da gadajoji na tsakiya ba. Ga masu zuba jari: Tsarin irin na Babila zai iya zama ginshiƙin tsaro na ƙarni na gaba na toshe shafuka. Ga masu bincike: Sakamakon mara kyau game da tsaftataccen PoS ya kamata ya mayar da ƙoƙarin zuwa ga tsarin haɗin gwiwa. Kamar yadda binciken Gidauniyar Ethereum game da sharding ya yarda, batutuwan tsaro na waje ba za a iya kaucewa ba don amincin dogon lokaci. Babila ya nuna cewa gaba ba PoW da PoS ba ne—yana game da haɗin kai na dabarun duka biyun.